Intelligent Tracking, Navigation and Guidance System for Vehicles
Hem Raj
R & D
Kampsax India (P) Limited
hemraj@ieee.org
S.N.Mohapatra
Senior Manager
Kampsax India (P) Limited
snm@kampsax.co.in
Amar Kumar Swain
Manager
Kampsax India (P) Limited
aks@kampsax.co.in
Vipin Kumar Soni
R & D Exc
Kampsax India (P) Limited
vks@kampsax.co.in
Anurag Ohri
Lecturer
IT BHU
anuragohri78@rediffmail.com
Saroj Kumar Das
R & D
Kampsax India (P) Limited
sud@kampsax.co.in
Abstract
This paper deals in depth with the development and implementation of a fully automatic Vehicle Navigation & Tracking System .With the development of GPS-based navigation and communication, intelligent vehicle navigation system will play a very important role in future transportation systems.
Automatic Vehicle tracking system is a technologically advanced method of remote vehicle tracking and monitoring using GPS. Each vehicle is equipped with 12 channel GPS module that receives signals from series of satellites, calculates its current geographical location and, transmits to a central Server where it is displayed on a high resolution geographical map. The data is transmitted instantaneously after capturing (Real Time Tracking).
Basically this system comprises of three elements.
(1.) A GPS receiver
(2.) GSM Communication Module
(3.) Central Server
(1.) GPS Receiver
GPS Receiver used has a high -performance SiRF StarII Core architecture.
It generates following strings.
GGA Time, position and fix type data.
GLL Latitude, longitude, UTC time of position fix and status.
GSA GPS receiver operating mode, satellites used in the position solution
and DOP values.
GSV The number of GPS satellites in view satellite ID numbers, elevation,
Azimuth and SNR values.
RMC Time, date, position, course and speed data.
VTG Course and speed information relative to the ground.
Accuracy:
Without SA, GPS can provide 10m positioning accuracy, which is sufficient in most land vehicle location and navigation systems.
(2.) GSM Communication Module
The NMEA data from GPS Receiver is then fed to an interfacing circuit. This circuit acts as a bridge between GPS & GSM Communication Module .This circuit reads the NMEA data from the GPS and sends it out via the GSM phone as an SMS. The GSM Communication Module is designed with the help of a GSM mobile Phone or a GSM Modem, Which contains a SIM card.
(3.) Central Server
At central server we receive the data sent from vehicles as SMS .A typical SMS may contain following DATA.
$GPRMC,060933,A,2830.0772,N,07705.1572,E,0.05,54.39,220704,*,0.8.E*78
Navigation data can be interpreted as follows.”$GPRMC” is protocol-header; data was sent at UTC:06:09:33(hhmmss);”A” marks data to be valid (“V” would mean: INVALID);”2830.0772,N” is latitude (ddmm,mmm) NORTH and “07705.1572,E” is longitude (ddmm,mmm)EAST;”0.05,54” is speed (Knots) and “54.39”is heading(degrees);”220704” is date of data recorded (July 22nd ,2004);”0.8,E” is magnetic declination.Protocol is completed by sending checksum “78”.
Once we get raw data it is processed with various software tools and location of the vehicle, its velocity and direction is displayed on digital map. Data stored at the central server can be analyzed through software application. A GIS mapping solution is used with features for tracking the vehicle. The application can be installed by any one of the following models: Standalone client sever or web based.
How the sending of NMEA data from GSM Communication module is initiated?
There are two Methods to initiate the NMEA data transmission from GSM Communication Module.
- By calling the GSM unit from any phone, just one ring would be enough to trigger the transmission of SMS.
- By pushing the SEND button of the GSM communication Module.
When the sending is initiated the GSM Communication Module starts sending NMEA data SMS to a predefined Mobile number, which is connected to the central server.
This predefined number is programmed in GSM communication module with the help of HyperTerminal program in Windows.
Extended Application:
This basis hardware setup can be used to design a full fledge online Car navigation system. It can even be used to design online City Transportation System to monitor the location of buses and taxies. We may also use GPRS for this purpose. General Purpose Radio Service (GPRS) enabled networks offers “always -on”, higher capacity, internet –based content and packet based data services. This enables services such as colored internet browsing-mail on the move, powerful Visual Communications, multimedia messages and location based services along with real-time updates about the routes available to reach a particular destination. This service would be helpful for tourists too, which utilizes shortest route algorithm too.
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